morphological and distributional criteria

These data indicate that mitochondrial reorganization and ATP levels are different between morphologically good and poor oocytes and may be responsible for their different developmental capacity after IVF. When asked to inflect novel words, their responses reflect the distributional statistics of the language (Ernestus and Baayen, 2003, 2004).

Total cell numbers of expanded blastocysts derived from category 1 and 2 oocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than of those originating from category 3 and 4 oocytes. After in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture, significantly (P < 0.05) more category 1 and 2 than category 3 and 4 oocytes developed to the morula or blastocyst stage (determined 168 h after IVF). From a young age they make use of this information to help them learn about their native language. Infants and children are known to be sensitive to distributional statistics. The IVM resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the average ATP content of all oocyte categories, with no difference between oocytes extruding versus nonextruding a polar body. We aim to establish whether children are also sensitive to distributional statistics and the likelihood of an alternation occurring in a morphological paradigm. Before IVM, the average ATP content of category 1 oocytes (1.8 pmol) tended to be higher than that of category 2 oocytes (1.6 pmol) and was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in category 3 (1.4 pmol) and 4 oocytes (0.9 pmol). No mitochondrial reorganization was seen for category 4 oocytes. Based on pectoral fin ray number, the sculpins inhabiting 30 rivers were divided into two types modes 13 (M13) and 15 (M15). This was also true for category 3 oocytes however, mitochondria maintained their perivacuolar distribution. We evaluated the morphological, distributional, and genetic characteristics of the freshwater sculpin, Cottus pollux, in Kyushu Island, Japan. After IVM, mitochondrial clumps were allocated more toward the center, became larger, and stained more intensive in category 1 and 2 oocytes. In immature oocytes, staining with MitoTracker green revealed mitochondrial clumps in the periphery of the cytoplasm, with a strong homogenous signal in category 1 oocytes, a weaker staining in category 2 oocytes, allocation of mitochondria around vacuoles in category 3 oocytes, and poor staining of mitochondria in category 4 oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were classified according to morphological criteria: category 1, homogeneous oocyte cytoplasm, compact multilayered cumulus oophorus category 2, cytoplasm with small inhomogeneous areas, more than five layers of compact cumulus category 3, heterogeneous/vacuolated cytoplasm, three to five layers of cumulus including small areas of denuded zona pellucida category 4, heterogeneous cytoplasm, completely or in great part denuded. In this study, we evaluated mitochondrial distribution and ATP content of individual bovine oocytes before and after in vitro maturation (IVM).

Morphological and distributional criteria